Just 35 kilometers from Bordeaux, a majestic château hides a history that is eventful, to say the least, behind its imposing facades. From a sumptuous palace to France’s first women’s prison, the site has had many lives. Now a historic monument, the ducal château of Cadillac-sur-Garonne offers an extraordinary tour that combines splendor and a history as a prison.
One of the first French-style palaces
Gironde, 16th century. Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, born a mere cadet from Gascony, became the first Duke of Épernon. A close associate of Henry III, he rose spectacularly to become one of the most powerful figures in the kingdom. In 1599, he had the ducal castle at Cadillac-sur-Garonne built.
Designed as a stately residence, the mansion is among the earliest examples of the French style. Inside, monumental fireplaces, painted decorations, and tapestries bear witness to its owner’s wealth.
Today, the monument houses nearly 40 historic tapestries—one of the most significant collections of antique tapestries preserved in national monuments. Throughout the tour, visitors also encounter several major figures from French history: Louis XIII, Louis XIV, Anne of Austria, Richelieu, and Mazarin—all of whom had a connection to this extraordinary place.
But behind this apparent splendor lies another, much darker story.
From palace to women’s prison
In the 19th century, the palace’s splendor underwent a radical transformation. The château then became a detention center for women. The château’s apartments were converted into dormitories where nearly 500 women were held.
In the early 20th century, the facility was converted into a reform school for young women. Conditions of detention remained particularly harsh, notably with the creation of cells nicknamed “chicken coops.”
This long period of incarceration did not end until 1952. In total, nearly 10,000 women are believed to have been detained at the ducal castle in Cadillac-sur-Garonne during the 19th century. Today, this history of incarceration is an integral part of the tour.
Did the Duke of Épernon order the assassination of Henry IV?
The château also harbors a much older mystery. The Duke of Épernon was accused of having ordered the assassination of Henry IV by François Ravaillac in 1610. This theory, long espoused by certain historians, was based in particular on the ties between the duke and the assassin.
However, the facts do not allow for a definitive conclusion. The duke was present alongside Henry IV during the assassination and is said to have ordered that Ravaillac be spared so that he could stand trial. So, was he the mastermind, or simply a figure caught up in the rivalries of his time? The mystery remains.
Practical information:
📍4 Place de la Libération, 33410 Cadillac-sur-Garonne
🎫 Self-guided, guided, or themed tours
🎷 Shows and activities organized regularly
💰 Individual admission: €7 (reduced rates and free admission available)
